| Perfume and Sensitivity in General
JN- J Am Acad Dermatol 21(4 Pt 2):880-4
TI- How to instruct patients sensitive to fragrances.
AU- Larsen WG;
PY- 1989 Oct
AB- Patients who are sensitive to fragrances should either use fragrance-free
cosmetics or undergo a repeat open application test to the cosmetic or
perfume to determine sensitivity. Unusual reactions include systemic contact
dermatitis due to balsam of Peru, benzyl alcohol, and menthol. Some responses
involve pigmented eruptions due to phototoxic or photoallergic agents in
perfumes and incense. Other reactions include consort dermatitis and reactions
to toothpastes, gum and perfumes in paper products, sanitary napkins, ostomy
pastes, and detergents.
SN- 0190-9622
MH- Balsams; Dermatitis, Contact (*ET); Environmental Exposure; Erythema
(ET); Human; Patient Education (*); Perfume (*AE);
AN- 90094763
LA- Eng
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JN- Contact Dermatitis 34( 6): 423-6
TI- Natural ingredients based cosmetics. Content
of selected fragrance sensitizers.
AU- Rastogi SC; Johansen JD;
PY- 1996 Jun
AB- In the present study, we have investigated 42 cosmetic products
based on natural ingredients for content of 11 fragrance substances: geraniol,
hydroxycitronellal, eugenol, isoeugenol, cinnamic aldehyde, cinnamic alcohol,
alpha-amylcinnamic aldehyde, citral, coumarin, dihydrocoumarin and alpha-hexylcinnamic
aldehyde. The study revealed that the 91% (20/22) of the natural ingredients
based perfumes contained 0.027%-7.706% of 1 to 7 of the target fragrances.
Between 1 and 5 of the chemically defined synthetic constituents of fragrance
mix were found in 82% (18/22) of the perfumes. 35% (7/20) of the other
cosmetic products (shampoos, creams, tonics, etc) were found to contain
0.0003-0.0820% of 1 to 3 of the target fragrances. Relatively high concentrations
of hydroxycitronellal, coumarin, cinnamic alcohol and alpha-amyl cinnamic
aldehyde were found in some of the investigated products. The detection
of hydroxycitronellal and alpha-hexylcinnamic aldehyde in some of the products
demonstrates that artificial fragrances, i.e., compounds not yet regarded
as natural substances, may be present in products claimed to be based on
natural ingredients.
SN- 0105-1873
MH- Acrolein*; Alcohol, Propyl*; Aldehydes*; Allergens*; Cosmetics*;
Coumarins*; Emollients*; Eugenol*; Hair Preparations*; Human; Perfume*;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov’t;
AN- 97034274
LA- Eng
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JN- Am J Contact Dermat 7(2):65-76
TI- Allergic contact dermatitis to fragrance:
a review.
AU- Scheinman PL;
PY- 1996 Jun
AB- BACKGROUND: Allergy to fragrance is the most common cause of cosmetic
contact dermatitis and therefore constitutes a significant clinical problem.
The widespread use of fragranced materials in skin care and household products
is probably the most important reason for the high incidence of fragrance
sensitization. OBJECTIVE: This report will summarize the history of fragrance,
review how to detect and evaluate fragrance allergy, discuss the problems
inherent in patch testing with the fragrance mix and its constituents,
describe systemic contact dermatitis from ingestion of certain flavors,
and give suggestions for fragrance-sensitive patients. CONCLUSION: The
use of fragrance mix in patch testing has been invaluable in detecting
fragrance allergy. Continued investigation into positive patch test responses
to fragrance in scented products is essential in helping to identify new
fragrance allergens. Additionally, more cooperation is necessary between
industry and dermatologists in assisting patients to avoid proven allergens.
SN- 1046-199X
MH- Cosmetics (AE); Dermatitis, Allergic Contact (*ET); Human; Patch
Tests; Perfume (*AE);
AN- 96389448
LA- Eng
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JN- Contact Dermatitis 34( 2): 106-10
TI- Exposure to selected fragrance materials.
A case study of fragrance-mix-positive eczema patients.
AU- Johansen JD; Rastogi SC;
PY- 1996 Feb
AB- The aim of the present study was to assess exposure to constituents
of the fragrance mix from cosmetic products used by fragrance-mix-positive
eczema patients. 23 products, which had either given a positive patch and/or
use test in a total of 11 fragrance-mix-positive patients, were analyzed.
In all cases, the use of these cosmetics completely or partly explained
present or past episodes of eczema. Between 1 to 6 constituents of the
fragrance mix were found in 22 out of 23 products. The cosmetics of all
the patients sensitive to hydroxycitronellal, eugenol, cinnamic alcohol
and alpha-amylcinnamic aldehyde were found to contain the respective substances.
Exposure concentrations were seen to cover a large range. The content of
hydroxycitronellal was, on average, 5 x higher in cosmetics from hydroxycitronellal-sensitive
patients, compared to cosmetics from hydroxycitronellal-negative patients.
It is concluded that exposure to constituents of the fragrance mix is common
in fragrance-allergic patients with cosmetic eczema, and that the fragrance
mix is a good reflection of actual exposure.
SN- 0105-1873
MH- Adolescence*; Adult*; Case Report; Cosmetics*; Dermatitis, Allergic
Contact*; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic*; Female; Human; Male;
Middle Age*; Patch Tests*; Skin Diseases, Eczematous*;
AN- 96272535
LA- Eng
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JN- Food Chem Toxicol 26(11-12):921-6
TI- Allergic contact sensitization potential of
hydroxycitronellal in humans.
AU- Ford RA; Api AM; Suskind RR;
PY- 1988 Nov-Dec
AB- Hydroxycitronellal, an important ingredient in fragrances, was studied
for its sensitizing potential in human skin. Fifteen human maximization
tests were conducted with hydroxycitronellal obtained from four different
sources at induction concentrations from 5 to 12%. No reactions were induced
at 5% in two separate panels while 10% sensitized 2/25 panelists in one
test but none in a second. Induction at 12% produced sensitization in 8
of 11 tests. Impurities do not appear to be a sensitizing factor. There
is some evidence that the l-stereoisomer is a less potent sensitizer than
the d-stereoisomer. In an initial modified human repeat-insult patch-test
two positive reactions to challenge were observed among 197 panelists,
one at a concentration of 5% and the other at 7.5%. When 100 of the non-reacting
panelists were re-exposed in the same way, allergic sensitization reactions
appeared during the induction period with concentrations as low as 2.5%.
When 28 sensitized panelists were exposed to 1% concentrations in a simulated
use test, there were three reactors. A no-effect level for sensitization
has not been determined although the lowest concentrations tested were
in the product usage range.
SN- 0278-6915
MH- Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Dermatitis, Contact (*ET); Human; Middle
Age; Patch Tests;
AN- 89092169
LA- Eng
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JN- Contact Dermatitis 18(2):81-3
TI- Fragrance sensitivity in coal miners.
AU- Goodfield MJ; Saihan EM;
PY- 1988 Feb
AB- In a prospective study, we have examined the incidence of fragrance
sensitivity in Nottinghamshire coal miners. Our results confirm previous
reports of an increased incidence of such sensitivity in miners (45%) when
compared with both male (20%) and female (13%) non-miners. This increased
incidence is not related to an increased use of perfumed cosmetics, but
may be related to the use of a highly perfumed body lotion in subjects
who already have a high incidence of irritant hand eczema. There was no
significant increase in the rate of positive reactions to other applied
allergens.
SN- 0105-1873
MH- Coal Mining (*); Dermatitis, Contact (*ET); Female; Human; Male;
Perfume (*AE); Prospective Studies; Soaps (AE);
AN- 88211140
LA- Eng
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JN- Contact Dermatitis 13(4):258-65
TI- Immediate and delayed reactions to cosmetic
ingredients.
AU- Emmons WW; Marks JG Jr;
PY- 1985 Oct
AB- The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and etiology
of cutaneous reactions caused by cosmetics, with an emphasis on perfume
sensitivity. 19 control subjects and 31 patch test clinic patients (16
with a history of adverse cosmetic reactions) were examined for sensitivity
by history, open and patch testing using the North American Contact Dermatitis
Group (NACDG) fragrance screening series and 11 other common allergens
found in cosmetics. Contact urticaria was very frequent to certain chemicals;
however, patients with a history of cosmetic sensitivity were not found
to have a significant increase in positive reactions when compared to controls
or patients with eczematous skin. 12 subjects had positive patch test reactions,
most of which were not clinically relevant. 3 patients with a history of
cosmetic sensitivity had positive reactions, only 1 of which was in the
fragrance screening series (cinnamic alcohol). There were 6 reactions in
patients with eczematous skin, 4 of which were to preservatives. 3 controls
had positive reactions, each to thimerosal. A history of cosmetic sensitivity
was not confirmed by open and closed skin testing in our subjects.
SN- 0105-1873
MH- Comparative Study; Cosmetics (*AE); Dermatitis, Contact (*ET); Female;
Human; Male; Patch Tests; Perfume (AE); Sex Factors; Time Factors; Urticaria
(*CI);
AN- 86107298
LA- Eng
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